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新东方 托福考试专项进阶 初级写作 
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9 7 0 8 0 7 4 2 7 3 6 1 2  托福考试专项进阶系列丛书引进自韩国多乐园出版社，从托福考试所考查的听、说、读、写四项技能入手，为考生提供了详尽的考试指导，并将各技能分为初、中、高三级，通过独特的进阶训练方式，再辅以大量练习，让考生逐步掌握托福实考的技巧，切实提高英语实际运用能力，从而在短期内轻松取得托福高分。本丛书内容编排由易到难，循序渐进，实战性强，是不可多得的托福备考资料。 《托福考试专项进阶初级写作》属于托福考试专项进阶系列图书中的写作专项。书中详细介绍了托福写作两大题型：综合写作和学术讨论写作，包括16个单元的内容，每单元都结合丰富练习，分步骤点拨实用写作技巧。书中还提供两套托福写作模考题。 本书配有答案册，以书中书形式呈现，内容包括：所有练习及模考题的答案、写作范文及翻译、阅读文章翻译、听力材料原文及翻译。 本书配套音频由专业外教录制，地道美式发音。扫描封底的音频二维码或登录封底提供的链接即可免费获取音频文件。 本书内容相对比较基础，属于托福写作入门级别的参考书，适合托福考试初学者。该系列图书中另有中级写作和高级写作供更高学习水平的读者选择。 Introduction .
AThe Format of the TOEFL iBT
B What Is New about the TOEFLiBT?
The Writing section of the TOEFL iBT measures test takersability to use writing to communicate in an academic environment. This section has two writing tasks. For the first writing task, you will read a passage and listen to a lecture and then answer a question based on what you have read and heard. For the second writing task, you will state and support an opinion in an online classroom discussion. A Types of Writing Tasks
You will read a short text of about 250-300 words on an academic topic for 3 minutes. You may take notes on the reading passage. After reading the text, you will listen to a lecture discussing the same topic from a different perspective for about 2 minutes. You may take notes on the lecture. You will have 20 minutes to write a 150-to-225-word summary in response to the question.
You will see a discussion board on a university website that comprises two students responding to a question posted by a professor. You will have 10 minutes to read everything and to write a response to the topic in the online post. It should be at least 100 words. B Types of Writing Questions
Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they challenge specific claims/arguments made in the reading passage.
Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they cast doubt on specific points made in the reading passage. Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to specifically explain how they answer the problems raised in the reading passage.
Yes or no questions: These questions require you to agree or disagree with a statement. Preference questions: These questions ask you to state a preference between two similar things. Open-Ended questions: These questions ask for your own thoughts or opinions on a broad topic. C Important Features of Evaluation
In the first task, the quality of the response is about how well you integrate and relate information from the reading and listening materials. In the second task, it is about the relevance and depth of your argument.
Language use is about the accuracy and range of your grammar and vocabulary. In order to get good grades on the writing tasks, you should be able to use both basic and more complex language structures and choose the appropriate words. 米尔奇 (Arthur H. Milch)：毕业于新泽西州立大学，教育学硕士。 麦考马克 (Denise McCormack)：毕业于新泽西州立大学，语言学硕士。 Table of Contents
Introduction ................................................................................................ 4 How to Use This Book .............................................................................. 7 PART I Integrated Writing Task .............................................................. 9 UNIT 01 Technology I .......................................................................... 14 UNIT 02 Zoology I ................................................................................. 22 UNIT 03 Technology II ......................................................................... 30 UNIT 04 Astronomy .............................................................................. 38 UNIT 05 Education ................................................................................ 46 UNIT 06 Biology ..................................................................................... 54 UNIT 07 Zoology II ................................................................................ 62 UNIT 08 Environmental Science ..................................................... 70 PART II Writing for an Academic Discussion Task .......................... 79 UNIT 09 Environmental Science ........................................................ 84 UNIT 10 Education I ............................................................................. 90 UNIT 11 Sociology I .............................................................................. 96 UNIT 12 Education II ......................................................................... 102 UNIT 13 Economics ........................................................................... 108 UNIT 14 Sociology II .......................................................................... 114 UNIT 15 Education III ........................................................................ 120 UNIT 16 Sociology III ........................................................................ 126 Actual Test ....................................................................................... 133
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