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交通AI控制——实践与方法 
定 价：99 元
9 7 5 8 1 7 4 1 5 2 1 1 7 读者对象:本书融合技术方法与工程实践，为交通领域研究者、工程师及管理人员提供从业务、数据到交通AI控制的全流程参考。 
本书系统梳理了交通控制技术的演进、应用现状及前沿实践，探讨了交通 AI 控制在实际应用中的挑战与方法。第 1～4 章从交通控制起源到三次技术革命，剖析当前业务、数据、网络与应用现状，展望产业机遇与挑战。第 5～8 章探讨视图 AI 在交通视频分析中的技术架构与应用、存量检测器数据质量，以及对配时参数的合理性诊断。第 9～12章介绍交通网络节点重要度、控制子区动态划分、时空混合图卷积的车速预测等。第 13～16 章针对局部交通拥堵，提出单点、干线及区域智组织控制方法。第 17～20 章构建交通控制方案滚动生成系统、交通 AI 控制、算法框架与多智能体深度强化学习模型。 本书融合技术方法与工程实践，为交通领域研究者、工程师及管理人员提供从业务、数据到交通 AI控制的全流程参考。
郭海锋，男，博士，浙江工业大学网络空间安全研究院副教授，硕士研究生导师。2008年6月毕业于吉林大学交通信息工程及控制专业，获博士学位，曾在澳大利亚昆士兰科技大学、美国华盛顿大学访学。教学方面，主讲《数据结构》《人工智能技术》《机器学习》等本科生和研究生课程；科研方面，一直致力于城市交通控制智能化的研究与产业化应用，主持国家自然科学基金2项、中国博士后基金1项、浙江省自然科学基金2项和厅局级及企业委托项目多项，发表学术论文40余篇，获中国智能交通协会科学技术奖一等奖1项（排名第一）。
第 1 章 百年城市交通控制········································································.001
1.1 交通控制起源........................................................................................................001 1.2 城市交通控制的第一次技术革命 ........................................................................002 1.3 城市交通控制的第二次技术革命 ........................................................................004 1.4 城市交通控制的第三次技术革命 ........................................................................006 1.4.1 高效与低效的差别.....................................................................................007 1.4.2 城市交通控制方法的瓶颈 .........................................................................008 1.4.3 AI 将辅助突破当前交通控制低效的瓶颈 ................................................010 第 2 章 交通控制技术演进历程··································································.013 2.1 无数据时代的交通控制技术................................................................................013 2.2 小数据时代的交通控制技术................................................................................015 2.3 大数据时代的交通控制技术................................................................................016 2.3.1 “互联网+信号灯”的兴起.......................................................................016 2.3.2 “互联网+信号灯”的局限性...................................................................017 2.4 AI 时代的交通控制技术......................................................................................019 第 3 章 交通控制应用现状········································································.021 3.1 交通控制业务现状................................................................................................021 3.1.1 信号配时工程师与交通信号配时中心 .....................................................021 3.1.2 信号配时人员及交通信号配时中心的困境 .............................................023 3.1.3 交通信号配时中心业务面临的挑战 .........................................................025 3.2 工程侧交通数据现状............................................................................................026 3.2.1 工程侧对交通数据的达标要求 .................................................................026 3.2.2 环形线圈车辆检测器数据 .........................................................................027 3.2.3 地磁车辆检测器数据.................................................................................028 3.2.4 雷达检测器数据.........................................................................................029 3.2.5 视频车辆检测器数据.................................................................................030 3.2.6 互联网数据.................................................................................................032 3.3 工程侧网络环境现状............................................................................................034 3.4 交通控制安全现状................................................................................................036 3.4.1 交通控制安全问题.....................................................................................036 3.4.2 交通控制安全问题解决思路 .....................................................................038 第 4 章 交通控制机遇与挑战·····································································.040 4.1 交通控制业务应如何升级....................................................................................040 4.1.1 交通控制业务的三次变革 .........................................................................040 4.1.2 城市交通管理业务的主要模式 .................................................................042 4.1.3 交通管理产品的迭代历程 .........................................................................043 4.2 交通控制系统如何解决数据瓶颈 ........................................................................044 4.2.1 交通控制系统的数据瓶颈 .........................................................................044 4.2.2 交通控制系统突破数据瓶颈的路径 .........................................................046 4.3 交通控制应用如何突破当前桎梏 ........................................................................055 4.3.1 国外经验参考.............................................................................................055 4.3.2 经验借鉴转化.............................................................................................056 4.3.3 国内推进工作.............................................................................................057 4.4 交通控制产业如何走向良性健康 ........................................................................061 4.4.1 SCATS Cornerstone 及未来创新模式........................................................061 4.4.2 我国交通控制产业革新模式 .....................................................................063 第 5 章 视图 AI 应用于交通视频分析··························································.066 5.1 视图 AI 在城市交通领域的应用简介..................................................................066 5.2 交通视频解析的技术架构....................................................................................068 5.2.1 视频采集模块.............................................................................................068 5.2.2 预处理模块.................................................................................................069 5.2.3 目标检测与目标跟踪模块 .........................................................................070 5.2.4 场景分割模块.............................................................................................071 5.2.5 行为分析模块.............................................................................................071 5.2.6 事件检测模块.............................................................................................072 5.2.7 数据融合与统计模块.................................................................................072 5.2.8 数据存储与管理模块.................................................................................073 5.2.9 可视化与报警模块.....................................................................................073 5.2.10 API 模块....................................................................................................074 5.3 交通视频结构化的技术原理................................................................................075 5.3.1 交通视频接入.............................................................................................075 5.3.2 交通视频解码.............................................................................................077 5.3.3 图像算法推理.............................................................................................078 5.3.4 目标跟踪.....................................................................................................079 5.3.5 数据中介.....................................................................................................080 5.3.6 OSD 信息叠加............................................................................................082 5.3.7 视频编码.....................................................................................................083 5.3.8 视频推流.....................................................................................................085 5.3.9 视频结构化硬件平台.................................................................................086 5.4 视图 AI 解析的交通数据种类..............................................................................087 5.4.1 视图 AI 解析的交通数据种类...................................................................087 5.4.2 视图 AI 解析的交通数据质量...................................................................088 5.4.3 核心问题分析.............................................................................................090 5.5 视图 AI 在交通 AI 控制中的作用........................................................................091 第 6 章 存量检测器采集的交通流量····························································.094 6.1 路口交通流运行特性分析....................................................................................095 6.1.1 路口交通流相似性.....................................................................................095 6.1.2 路口交通流不确定性.................................................................................096 6.2 路段交通流运行特性分析....................................................................................097 6.2.1 路段交通流相似性.....................................................................................097 6.2.2 路段交通流不确定性.................................................................................098 6.3 区域交通流空间特性分析....................................................................................099 6.3.1 区域交通流空间分布相似性 .....................................................................099 6.3.2 区域交通流空间分布不均匀性 ................................................................. 100 6.4 存量检测器数据情况............................................................................................101 6.4.1 SCATS 检测器数据....................................................................................101 6.4.2 SCATS 检测器质量分析方法 ....................................................................102 6.4.3 分析结果.....................................................................................................103 第 7 章 存量检测器数据质量诊断·······························································.105 7.1 检测器数据的时空分布........................................................................................105 7.2 检测器数据的特征及分类....................................................................................107 7.2.1 特征类型.....................................................................................................107 7.2.2 特征分类准则与标签.................................................................................108 7.3 基于决策树的检测器数据质量诊断方法 ............................................................111 7.3.1 决策树分类原理.........................................................................................111 7.3.2 数据质量诊断决策树模型 .........................................................................113 7.3.3 对数据质量诊断决策树进行剪枝优化 .....................................................113 7.4 检测器数据质量实例分析....................................................................................114 第 8 章 信号控制系统配时参数合理性诊断···················································.116 8.1 交通信号配时参数特性........................................................................................116 8.1.1 绿信比方案与路网运行相关性 .................................................................116 8.1.2 信号周期与交通参数相关性 .....................................................................118 8.2 绿信比方案合理性诊断........................................................................................119 8.2.1 路网运行需求拟合.....................................................................................119 8.2.2 绿信比方案合理性判定.............................................................................120 8.3 信号周期方案合理性诊断....................................................................................121 8.3.1 交通参数映射函数构建.............................................................................121 8.3.2 信号周期方案合理性判定 .........................................................................124 8.4 交通信号配时参数诊断案例................................................................................125 8.4.1 信号配时绿信比方案合理性诊断 .............................................................125 8.4.2 信号周期方案合理性诊断 .........................................................................126 第 9 章 交通网络重要节点及控制子区判断···················································.127 9.1 城市交通网络节点重要度评估指标 ....................................................................127 9.1.1 基于复杂网络特性的节点重要度评估指标 .............................................127 9.1.2 基于交通流运行特征的节点重要度评估指标 .........................................129 9.2 节点重要度评估模型............................................................................................130 9.2.1 评估指标的确定.........................................................................................130 9.2.2 评估指标权重方法的确定 .........................................................................131 9.2.3 基于 TOPSIS 法的节点重要度评估方法..................................................137 9.3 构建路网关联度模型............................................................................................139 9.3.1 控制子区划分原则.....................................................................................139 9.3.2 关联度模型的选取.....................................................................................140 9.4 基于改进标签传播算法的子区划分方法 ............................................................142 9.4.1 标签传播算法介绍.....................................................................................142 9.4.2 标签传播算法改进.....................................................................................144 9.4.3 基于改进标签传播算法的控制子区动态划分流程..................................146 9.5 改进标签传播算法的控制子区动态划分演算 ....................................................147 9.6 基于合并指数的控制子区动态划分方法演算 ....................................................153 9.7 划分方法的评估对比............................................................................................157 9.7.1 基于模块度的划分方法评估 .....................................................................158 9.7.2 基于控制效益的划分方法评估 ................................................................. 160 第 10 章 基于时空混合图卷积的车速预测····················································.163 10.1 交通预测问题描述..............................................................................................163 10.1.1 问题分析和数据.......................................................................................163 10.1.2 交通事件矩阵独热编码 ...........................................................................163 10.2 深度时空混合图卷积网络交通预测任务 ..........................................................164 10.2.1 DHSGC 模型整体结构.............................................................................164 10.2.2 DHSGC 模型混合图卷积层.....................................................................166 10.2.3 DHSGC 模型时间特征提取层................................................................. 167 10.2.4 路段并行预测处理模块 ...........................................................................170 10.2.5 路网静态和动态因素编码 .......................................................................171 10.3 车速预测案例分析..............................................................................................172 10.3.1 数据集介绍和预处理...............................................................................172 10.3.2 DHSGC 模型对比算法.............................................................................172 10.3.3 实验环境与参数设置...............................................................................172 10.3.4 实验结果与算法性能分析 .......................................................................173 10.3.5 外部因素消融实验...................................................................................176 10.4 以速度估计排队车辆数的可行性分析 ..............................................................176 10.5 基于 LSTM 的排队车辆数估计..........................................................................177 10.5.1 循环神经网络与 LSTM............................................................................177 10.5.2 路口建模...................................................................................................181 10.6 实验与结果分析..................................................................................................183 10.6.1 仿真搭建与数据准备...............................................................................183 10.6.2 实验结果分析...........................................................................................184 第 11 章 基于改进 ACGAN 的排队估计 ·····················································.186 11.1 GAN 机制 ............................................................................................................186 11.1.1 GAN 算法原理与学习方法......................................................................186 11.1.2 ACGAN 算法原理....................................................................................187 11.2 Bi-LSTM 网络机制 .............................................................................................189 11.3 排队车辆数估计算法 ..........................................................................................190 11.3.1 模型结构...................................................................................................190 11.3.2 目标函数...................................................................................................192 11.3.3 训练优化...................................................................................................192 11.4 实验与结果分析..................................................................................................193 11.4.1 训练细节...................................................................................................193 11.4.2 实验结果分析 ...........................................................................................193 第 12 章 车辆排队微观仿真框架设计··························································.197 12.1 仿真框架需求分析..............................................................................................197 12.2 仿真框架功能设计..............................................................................................198 12.2.1 数据收集模块...........................................................................................198 12.2.2 多源数据库...............................................................................................199 12.2.3 算法模块...................................................................................................199 12.2.4 估计模块...................................................................................................201 12.2.5 仿真模块...................................................................................................201 12.2.6 交互可视化模块.......................................................................................201 12.3 车辆排队仿真思路..............................................................................................202 12.3.1 相位时刻确定...........................................................................................202 12.3.2 仿真情况分析...........................................................................................203 12.4 车辆排队仿真整体流程......................................................................................204 第 13 章 智组织交通控制方法···································································.206 13.1 自适应信号控制失效的原因分析 ......................................................................206 13.2 智组织交通控制的基本原理..............................................................................209 第 14 章 单点智组织控制方法···································································.211 14.1 TSS-CII 配时方法的计算基础............................................................................211 14.1.1 候选信号灯组设计...................................................................................211 14.1.2 各流向权重的确定...................................................................................213 14.1.3 等待时间上限及其确定方法 ...................................................................213 14.1.4 基于地点交通参数的 TSS-CII 配时方法................................................214 14.2 各车道排队车辆数的计算方法 ..........................................................................215 14.3 关键流向的确定方法..........................................................................................216 14.4 拟放行信号灯组绿灯时间的确定方法 ..............................................................217 14.5 放行信号灯组的确定方法..................................................................................217 14.6 基于路段交通参数的 TSS-CII 配时方法...........................................................218 14.7 模拟分析..............................................................................................................219 14.7.1 模拟方案设计...........................................................................................219 14.7.2 实验结果初步分析...................................................................................222 14.7.3 检测器布设位置方案分析 .......................................................................223 14.7.4 饱和车头时距分析...................................................................................224 第 15 章 干线智组织控制方法···································································.226 15.1 传统干线协调控制方法失效原因分析 ..............................................................226 15.2 TSS-CAI 的基本原则与概念界定......................................................................229 15.2.1 TSS-CAI 的基本原则...............................................................................229 15.2.2 相关概念的界定.......................................................................................229 15.3 干线协调控制有效带宽评价算法 ......................................................................231 15.4 TSS-CAI 算法设计..............................................................................................232 15.4.1 TSS-CAI 控制策略...................................................................................232 15.4.2 TSS-CAI 控制算法的处理过程...............................................................233 15.4.3 上游路口干线方向绿灯时间设计 ...........................................................233 15.5 模拟分析..............................................................................................................234 15.5.1 模拟方案设计...........................................................................................234 15.5.2 有效带宽搜索分析...................................................................................235 15.5.3 模拟结果及对比分析...............................................................................237 15.5.4 有效带宽阈值分析...................................................................................238 第 16 章 区域智组织控制方法···································································.240 16.1 传统区域协调控制方法失效原因分析 ..............................................................240 16.2 TSS-CDI 的基本概念界定..................................................................................243 16.3 TSS-CDI 动态控制子区的划分方法..................................................................245 16.3.1 拥挤条件下的控制子区及其动态划分定义 ...........................................245 16.3.2 局部拥挤条件下控制子区划分的方法 ...................................................246 16.3.3 TSS-CDI 截流点和卸载点的确定方法 ...................................................248 16.4 TSS-CDI 算法设计..............................................................................................249 16.4.1 TSS-CDI 控制策略...................................................................................249 16.4.2 TSS-CDI 算法流程...................................................................................249 16.5 模拟分析..............................................................................................................250 16.5.1 模拟方案设计...........................................................................................250 16.5.2 模拟结果及对比分析...............................................................................254 第 17 章 交通控制方案滚动生成系统设计····················································.257 17.1 系统架构..............................................................................................................257 17.2 系统功能..............................................................................................................258 17.3 数据结构..............................................................................................................259 第 18 章 交通 AI 控制算法框架·································································.262 18.1 交通控制要素......................................................................................................262 18.1.1 关键参数...................................................................................................262 18.1.2 评价指标...................................................................................................263 18.2 深度强化学习算法..............................................................................................264 18.2.1 DRL 算法..................................................................................................265 18.2.2 RL 算法.....................................................................................................266 18.2.3 卷积神经网络...........................................................................................267 18.2.4 注意力机制...............................................................................................270 18.3 交通 AI 控制框架设计........................................................................................270 18.3.1 控制对象研究...........................................................................................270 18.3.2 DRL 的交通控制框架设计 ......................................................................272 第 19 章 交通 AI 控制方法·······································································.274 19.1 多智能体深度强化学习模型..............................................................................274 19.2 基于 GCN 速度预测的交通环境........................................................................275 19.2.1 子区图网络建模.......................................................................................275 19.2.2 子区速度预测...........................................................................................277 19.3 基于改进型 QMIX 算法的多智能体设计..........................................................277 19.3.1 子区智能体设计.........................................................................................277 19.3.2 QMIX 动作决策 .......................................................................................280 19.4 基于滚动时域的控制模式..................................................................................282 19.5 控制方案滚动生成方法......................................................................................283 第 20 章 交通 AI 控制方案验证·································································.284 20.1 实验数据..............................................................................................................284 20.1.1 基础数据...................................................................................................284 20.1.2 运行数据...................................................................................................285 20.2 模型训练..............................................................................................................286 20.2.1 系统环境...................................................................................................286 20.2.2 预测模型训练...........................................................................................286 20.2.3 控制模型训练...........................................................................................288 20.3 实验结果分析......................................................................................................289 后记 ······································································································.292 参考文献 ································································································.295
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